Not even attempting to try to explain whether Wey-Yu sent the ship to Fury 161, or put the egg or board or not, I still think the time line makes sense because of the following:
1) The Weyland Corp had FTL traveling ships before the events of Prometheus. See
http://avp.wikia.com/wiki/Weyland_Corp1.5) It is not just possible, but likely, that Wey-Yu had access to faster ships than the United Americas Allied Command, always wanting an upper hand, even to governments.
2) The Wey-Yu Corp had colonized many worlds, and therefore did not have to be coming all the way from Earth.
3) The Bio-Weapons program that Ripley essentially held within her chest was monumentally important the company, that is why Micheal Bishop Weyland, who bled red, and had a full name, went to a prison colony personally to retrieve it. I'd say someone that important to a company that's stock was worth trillions would have a very fast ship.