OK, let's break this down:
What we know vs what we *think* we know about Xenomorph reproduction.
Fact: Alien drone has been seen to turn human hosts into ovomorophs/eggs by unknown means on board the Nostromo.
Fact: The Queen was (we *assume*) bleeding acid just prior to tearing Bishop apart as evident by burning of the landing bay floor. (This can be assumed as until that point no xeno has ever drooled acid) The Queen was only physically wounded in one place at that time: her lower abdomen after tearing herself from her destroyed egg sack. All of Ripley's pulse rifle rounds, flamethrower and grenades targeted the eggs at the atmosphere processor. The one attempt she had to fire on the queen was at the elevator with very limited flamethrower fuel, acting as a minor deterrent and causing no physical damage, so it is safe to conclude acid on sulaco is dripping from eggsack region.
Fact: David 8 creates ovomorphs/eggs from experiments with black goo on organic matter (Shaw?). We know black goo in its pure form is highly adaptive and can cause mutations and growth in non-botanical life. A single spore can infect a human and cause a bloodburster/neomorph rapidly. And it has been seen from David's zoological studies that it is highly adaptive and capable of infecting a quite diverse variety of organic life, very much like a xenomorph is adaptive in hosts that can be used to reproduce (human, dog, ox, etc).
Theory: Black goo is in the genetic makeup of the xenomorph. Let's assume that in some evolved strain it is how the Alien on the nostromo eggmorphs Dallas and Brett (biological organism + xenogoo = egg, a biological capability that is similar to how David artificially created eggs)
Hypothesis: Queen is unintentionally leaking xenogoo from her damaged abdomen (region of egg production for eggsack) and blood just prior to tearing Bishop in half. We see the burn on floor from blood. Blood and xenogoo drip through the damaged floor plate to the sub-level (such as areas Newt was scuttling to escape Queen's attack).
Now later at a random unknown time, perhaps even once the crew are in hypersleep, something as simple as a rat on the ship is sniffing around the synthetic matter on the landing bay floor next to the many burns that would have been caused by the queen's mobility (it stands to reason ships still have rodents on account of Jones being the Nostromo ship's cat) unfortunately one comes into contact with xenogoo.. Whether by ingestion, skin contact, perhaps similar means of the spore to the ear as seen on paradise.. However it happens.. The rodent dies, and having very similar physiology to a human (the whole reason we use lab mice) an ovomorph forms through the grates, just like with Dallas and Brett. Slight differences in dna result in it being a superhugger, capable of laying multiple embryos during its short lifespan, infecting both Ripley and the dog or ox before it dies on Fiorina 161. The means by which the ovomorph on the Sulaco was created also accounts for differences in chestbuster physiology and is the reason that both the dog/ox buster and Queen inside Ripley hatch with limbs instead of being worm-like, in the same way David-8s first xenomorph is born with limbs.. This also accounts for why, like David's xeno, the dog/ox alien is more organic in appearance and less biomechanical.
What dya think? 😁