1. Its pretty vague. Maybe the star map was a warning and not an invitation as they thought at the beginning. It could also suggest that there are more factions of Engineers.
2. NO
3. Maybe the Space Jockey, maybe someone else.
4. Not known. Possibly thousands of years.
5. Maybe it was deliberate (Space Jockey could represent ancient race and Engineers are just imitating them) or it was just another stupid aspect of Prometheus. Discrepancies and inconsistencies...
6. NOOOO Definitely no.
7. NO.
8. GOD, some ancient race, black goo
or maybe....
9. Its definitely a homeworld to some humanoid race, but
as I said there could be several different groups of Engineers so keep
that in mind. The civilization we are about to see on Paradise is way primitive (like Romans)
from those Engineers we saw on LV-223.
10. I think David just recreated the primordial Xenomorph. Its obvious that goo (mutagen) is always trying to mutate organism and create new (evolved) organism with many xeno features. Goo could perhaps be a blood of that ancient creature (Prometheus mural)... So, in short, David is not complete creator, but more re creator of those organism. I m sure there is more to Xeno origin, but we ll never find that out... What kind of role will xenos play, is of course more important question than their mysterious origins.