So the film introduces us to many things, not all of them weapons.
We've got, firstly, a bigger, meaner type of Predator.
We've got variations on the classic weapons; ie : barbed combi-stick, single sword-length arm-blade (that can be fired as a projectile), and the spin-up should cannon.
Next, we've got the Hunting Dogs and the Hunting Bird thing.
We also get to see some Pred traps, though they are just basically net traps and clamp traps.
We also get introduced to a type of armor that masks your heat signature in addition to being able to withstand a low to medium power shoulder cannon shot.
And, I guess, obviously but easily missed, the Predators have Game Planets.
We even get "bases" in the form of those big totems that presumably each group of Predators piles its kills around.
All of these elements could go a long way towards the next Predator or AvP game in the franchise.