Of course ! I can imagine that the explosion was not as important as Bishop said it. For example, in Alien Isolation, when Marlow wants to explode the Anesidora, Amanda and Taylor have arrived to mitigate the explosion. Why is it not possible ? And we can imagine that the explosion start from the top of the atmospheric processor, so the explosion is like Hiroshima and Nagasaki I suppose : it explode at a certain altitude.
And for the 17 weeks, all is explain in Stasis Interrupted. And of course it is complicated, but I made a chronology about all of the events and I think it's clear now ^^'